As winter grips the landscape, beekeepers must ensure their hives are well-prepared to survive the harsh conditions. Winter is a critical time for honeybee colonies, as the cluster must stay warm and well-fed until the first blooms of spring. Here’s how you can help your bees thrive through the coldest months.

Ventilation: Preventing Moisture Buildup

Moisture, not cold, is the biggest threat to overwintering colonies. Bees generate heat and release moisture while clustered. Without proper ventilation, condensation can form on the hive’s interior, leading to damp conditions that chill the bees. Use a moisture board or slightly tilt the hive forward to direct moisture away.

Source: Honey Bee Suite: How to Prepare Your Hives for Winter

Monitor Food Stores

Honey stores are the colony’s lifeline during winter. If you notice bees clustering near the top of the hive, it may signal they’re low on food. Check hive weights periodically, and if stores are depleted, provide emergency feeding:

• Sugar cakes: A solid block placed above the cluster.
• Fondant: A softer option that bees can easily access.

Source: BeeKeepClub: How to Control Moisture in the Beehive

Insulation and Windbreaks

While bees are adept at keeping their cluster warm, insulating the hive can help reduce the energy they expend. Wrap the hive with breathable materials designed for beekeeping, and ensure entrances are unobstructed to maintain ventilation. Additionally, create windbreaks using hay bales, fencing, or natural barriers to protect against chilling winds.

Source: Honey Bee Suite: To Wrap or Not to Wrap Your Hives for Winter

Minimal Disturbance

Opening hives during winter can disrupt the cluster and cause significant heat loss. Instead, observe external activity:

• Are bees taking cleansing flights on warmer days?
• Is there excessive debris or dead bees at the entrance?

Source: Honey Bee Suite: An Upper Entrance in Winter

Mid-Winter Checkups

On warmer days (above 40°F or 5°C), conduct brief inspections:

• Verify food supplies.
• Ensure entrances are clear of debris or ice.
• Add emergency food if needed.

Source: Honey Bee Suite: Wintertime Hive Prep: A List of Things to Do

Plan Ahead for Spring

Winter is also a time to plan for the active season ahead. Review your notes from the previous year, clean and repair equipment, and order new supplies. Having a solid plan in place ensures you’re ready when the bees are.

Source: Honey Bee Suite: Overwintering Success: The One Thing I Do Differently

Conclusion

By following these steps, you can support your colonies through the winter and set the stage for a productive spring. Remember, proactive care is key to healthy, thriving hives. Stay vigilant and adaptable to meet your bees’ needs during this critical time.